International Business And Culture Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the International Business And Culture. Answer: International business culture between Eastern and Japanese culture The international business comprises the implementation of new measures that are emerging and can influence the decisions of managers in an organization. International business is explained as the process of conducting business activities, ideas and goal across the national boundaries. Business enterprises that operate across their national boundaries consider international business approach as the substantial theory of conducting business activities. International business implies the combinations of different cultures, this influences the normal business activities conducted by the business firm. Toyota is a Japanese multinational automotive company, it is headquartered in Aichi, Japan. The company operates in different regions that have distinctive cultural practices. International business culture affects how the company conducts its business activities. Roles and responsibilities culture in Japan allows the employees to have one goal of succeeding, while the eastern culture allows all employees to make contributions in the decision-making process. The book elaborates on the working styles that are instigated by the Japanese and Eastern culture. The Toyota Company in Japan does not allow employees to work at home but the Eastern culture permits employees to work from their home as they contribute towards decisional making process of the organization. Meeting help for Toyota Company in Japan and Eastern countries make great difference, where the Japanese culture permits meetings that take a lot of time as compared to other culture that takes less time. Dimensions of culture studied by Geert Hofstede Culture is defined as the programming of the minds that differentiate members of one group from a particular category of people. According to Geert Hofstede cultural dimension are substantial elements that influence on thefunctions of management of an organization that operates across in the international borders, it affects technology transfer, managerial ideology, managerial attitude and business government relationship. The elements of culture could also act as the framework for developing competitive advantage in the market. Different culture could allow the company to increase its market share and on the other hand it can lead to a company to be seen as a catastrophe and thus remaining at a lower level of conducting business activities. Power distance According to Geert Hofstede power distance comprises the process where some members within and institution believe that powers were not distributed equally, it implies that employees are working based on the powers given by their seniors. In the US, employees only believe in the powers that are given to them by themanagement as compared to the cultural dimension of Japanese that require every person within an institution to have self-management. Uncertainty Avoidance This cultural dimension implies that the people within an organization are feeling threaten with specific situations, and that they are trying to avoid them. In USA, people are trying to avoid mistakes while they work within their organizations, while Japanese culture allows employees to work based on their knowledge. Individualism and Collectivism These are the critical aspect of culture that affects the management process of organizations. Individualism implies the aspect where people look after themselves and their immediate family while the collectivism is described as a component of culture which employees are belonging to specific groups as they look each other with the main objective to gain loyalty. Businessmanagement process in the US is managed with the individualism culture dimension because people want to protect what they have only as compared to in Japan where people are working together to gain loyalty, particularly on the employee who works in an organization. Masculinity and Femininity Masculinity and Femininity are the cultural dimensions that are critical in the management process. According to Geert Hofstede, masculinity comprises the cultural values in the society such as money and gaining more recognition, this is the cultural dimension embrace by the Japanese workers and management. While the femininity, is explained as the cultural dimension that comprises the cultural values where female ideologies are mostly considered, this is mostly done in US, affecting the managerial activities of an organizations. Basic predispositions of managing across cultures Managing across different cultures compels the organizational management to consider comprehending on similarities as well as the cultural different that exists. According to Geert Hofstede, the Mult National Corporations executive are mandates to conduct their management functions as well as the organizational control by considering the market values which they are operating. The predispositions of managing across culture implies the theoretical concepts that advocate the consideration of the cultural values in a particular market. Polycentric predispositions The polycentric predispositions is based on the management strategic approach which the decisional making process are made to the interest of the existing market that the corporations are operating. Ethnocentric predispositions This ethnocentric predisposition comprises the management concept that allows and enterprise to implement on the decisions that are made by the parent company, this is common in organization that have market segmentation with centralize decision-making structure. Geocentric predispositions This is a predisposition that the business organization is trying to consider and implement on the international management systems. This is a philosophy of management that is used by the companies that working towards segmenting their operations, especially to new business environment where cultural values are irregular. Regioncentric predispositions It is the philosophy of managing across different cultures where the management of an institution is focusing on the interest of the existing cultural values, where they belief on the importance of the existing business and cultural values. Herzberg Two factor theory The Two factor theory is a strategic management approach that entails hygiene and motivation factor. Motivation is a major factor that is focusing to improve employees productivity and efficiency based on the experience and skills possessed. It is an element that is comprising on the observation as well as the recognition that an employee receives after working. The Japanese companies differ with the UK companies in terms of motivation their employees. Japanese companies give their employees bonus after they achieve particular task as compared to UK where they always motivate their employees with their job context. The Herzberg-hygiene is a strategic approach that comprising the process of considering the job context variables such as company and administrative policies, technical supervisions and salaries. According to Geert Hofstede, both management theories have similarity that makes are essential in building comprehensive business culture and organizational behavior. Both Herzberg-hygiene and motivation anticipates that all set organizational needs must be attained in order to substantiate sustainable business behavior as well as to ensure that the organization is meeting the demand of the existing business culture. Managing operations in Europe and managers in America Managing operations in Europe necessitates the management theories that are in line with the process of attaining the strategic organizational goals. The theories use in Europe comprises goal-setting, equality and expectancy theory, these management process theories are vital to managers especially in decision-making process. Goal setting theory is a fundamental management process theory that involves the setting subsequent and difficult goals. The theory implies that those employees who set and achieve difficult goals performed better as compared to other subordinates. This theory is essential to American managers because, they tend to allow all employees in decision-making process, the theory mandates the mangers to allow employees to set their own goal and develop a framework of achieving such goals. References Chair, R. (2017). (International Management Culture, Strategy and Behavior 9E.